How to Perform Umrah
What is Umrah?
Umrah is a pilgrimage to Makkah that can be performed at any time of the year. Unlike Hajj, which has specific dates in the Islamic calendar, Umrah is not obligatory but is highly recommended in Islamic tradition. It is sometimes called the “lesser pilgrimage.”
The Four Main Steps of Umrah
Umrah consists of four essential acts performed in sequence: entering the state of Ihram, performing Tawaf around the Kaaba, performing Sa’i between Safa and Marwa, and completing Halq or Taqsir (shaving or trimming the hair).
1. Ihram — Entering the Sacred State
Before reaching the designated boundary point (Miqat), pilgrims enter the state of Ihram. This involves making the intention (niyyah) for Umrah, performing ghusl (a full body wash) or wudu, and wearing the Ihram garments. For men, this consists of two white, unstitched cloths. Women wear modest, regular clothing that covers everything except the face and hands. Once in Ihram, certain actions are restricted — including using perfume, cutting nails or hair, and covering the head (for men).
2. Tawaf — Circling the Kaaba
Upon reaching Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, pilgrims perform Tawaf by walking around the Kaaba seven times in a counterclockwise direction. Each circuit begins and ends at the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad). During Tawaf, pilgrims recite prayers and supplications. After completing seven circuits, pilgrims pray two rak’ahs behind Maqam Ibrahim if possible, and drink Zamzam water.
3. Sa’i — Walking Between Safa and Marwa
After Tawaf, pilgrims walk between the hills of Safa and Marwa seven times. This walk commemorates Hajar’s search for water for her son Ismail. The distance between the two points is approximately 450 meters. Pilgrims begin at Safa, walk to Marwa (one length), and then return to Safa (second length), continuing until seven lengths are completed, ending at Marwa.
4. Halq or Taqsir — Hair Trimming
The final step involves cutting the hair. Men may either shave the head completely (Halq) or trim the hair short (Taqsir). Women trim a small portion of their hair, typically the length of a fingertip from the end. After this step, the restrictions of Ihram are lifted and the Umrah is complete.
Practical Considerations
The physical demands of Umrah should not be underestimated, especially the walking required during Tawaf and Sa’i. Wear comfortable footwear, stay hydrated, and pace yourself. The Haram can be very crowded during peak times — early morning and late night tend to be less busy.
Preparation Matters
Understanding the steps before you arrive helps you focus on the spiritual aspects of the journey rather than worrying about what comes next. Read our other preparation guides including Understanding Ihram and What to Pack to feel fully prepared.
Note: Islamic practices may vary by school of thought. This guide covers the generally agreed-upon steps. Consult with a knowledgeable religious authority for guidance specific to your situation.